vendredi, août 05, 2005

fécondation de la vanille


Un petit cours de botanique, gracieusement fourni par un producteur très connu de la région d'Antalaha, M. Gilbert, qui est également un instituteur. (c'est lui qui nous fait la démonstration de la fécondation manuelle sur la photo)

Description

De l’espagnol « vaina » : gousse-capsule et du suffixe « illa » : petite.
C’est une orchidée, pérenne, appartenant au groupe des monocotylédones.
Plus de 110 espèces ont été décrites, mais seule Vanilla Planifolia - Fragrans - G.Jack , que nous prendrons pour description, a une importance économique.
  • Les Racines
On peut en distinguer 2 sortes ; - les racines terrestres et proximales qui peuvent mesurer plusieurs mètres de long, de 3 mm de diamètre elles sont dépourvues de radicelles visibles, se développent dans l’humus et sont en symbiose avec des endo - mycorrhizies, essentielles à leur fonction nutritive. - les racines aériennes, adventives qui naissent en arrière de chaque feuille, au niveau du renflement de la tige , de 10-15 cm , qui ont une fonction d’accrochage au support, avec une incroyable force d’adhérence.
  • La Tige
La vanille se présente sous forme de liane, cylindrique de 1 cm de diamètre à maturité, de couleur verte, grimpant spontanément sur les arbres jusqu’à 15 m de haut. En culture la vanille est maintenue à hauteur d’homme pour pollinisation et récolte. Tous les 7 à 10 cm, la tige présente un renflement, puis change de direction de 20°, prenant un aspect en zigzag.
  • Les Feuilles
Elles sont charnues, vertes, luisantes, une feuille seulement naissant à chaque renflement de tige, particulièrement résistantes, elles mettent plusieurs jours à faner lorsque on les coupe.
  • Inflorescence
Les vigoureux bourgeons d’inflorescence qui n’apparaissent qu’à partir de la quatrième année, se développent de manière axillaire et démarrent généralement par la partie distale de la tige. Naissent ainsi 5 à 20 bourgeons d’inflorescence par pied, chaque bourgeon donnant 15 à 20 fleurs en grappe, chaque fleur éclot au rythme de une à deux par jour et par grappe.
  • Les Fleurs
Larges et longues d’une dizaine de centimètres, cireuses, de couleur vert-jaunatre, elles sont très fugaces puisqu’elles ne durent que un à deux jours et n’ont pas de parfum notable. La vanille étant une orchidée, on retrouve l’anatomie habituelle de ces fleurs composées de 6 pièces, dont 3 externes appelées sépales et 3 internes appelées pétales. Cinq de ces pièces sont identiques mais la sixième, le pétale inférieur, nommé labelle, prend un aspect enroulé sur lui-même déterminant un cornet qui englobe les organes sexuels de la fleur. A l’intérieur du cornet, l’organe mâle, l’étamine, est unique. L’organe femelle appelé stigmate est sous-jacente, concave et poisseuse mais séparée de l’étamine pollinisatrice par une membrane hymenale nommée rostellum qui fait parfaitement obstacle à la fécondation naturelle de la fleur.
  • La Gousse
Le fruit se présente donc sous forme de gousse allongée de 10 à 23 cm selon les variétés et de 5 à 15 cm de diamètre.
De couleur verte (photosynthèse ) la gousse est récoltée avant son mûrissement complet qui entraîne le jaunissement, la formations de fentes longitudinales d’où s’échapperaient les myriades de petites graines noires de 0.2mm de diamètre.
crédit photos : Dabreeze

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